Which of the following is an example of non-verbal communication?

Non-verbal communication encompasses all the ways individuals convey messages without the use of spoken or written words. Using body language is a fundamental aspect of non-verbal communication, as it includes gestures, facial expressions, posture, and eye contact, which can all influence how messages are perceived and understood.

Non-verbal signals often enhance or contradict spoken communication, making it essential in conveying emotions and attitudes that may not be articulated through words alone. For instance, a friendly smile can accompany a verbal greeting to reinforce warmth, while crossed arms might signal defensiveness despite verbal indications of openness.

On the other hand, giving a speech, listening to a lecture, and writing an email are all forms of communication that rely primarily on verbal or written language, thus categorizing them as verbal communication rather than non-verbal.